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The 12b1 is for advertising of the fund to bring in more investors. The more customers, the more money in the fund cheap air max 360 , spreads expenses over a greater amount of money and should reduce the expense ratio.

We have seen allegations recently that many funds are putting the 12b1 in the pockets of the fund managers and even as the fund gets larger and larger the expense fees have not been reduced.

I won't be discussing here the loads (commissions) charged as I see no reason to buy any fund that charges commissions; there are thousands of no-load (no commission) funds that outperform the load funds.

For example, here are 2 funds. The first is Pioneer Fund which incidentally has a commission charge of 5.75% with a price per share increase of 22% in 2003 and an expense ratio of 1.11%. Another fund Yacktman Focus Fund with no commission charge and a return of 27% with an expense ratio of 1.25%. Five percent better return is a huge difference. Which one would you buy?

The Merrill Lynch Global Technology Fund with a back end load of 4% and an expense ratio of 2.78% yielded 52% so far this year. Another no-load fund, Profunds BioTechnlogy, with an expense ration of 2.92% and has made 56% YTD. Another no-brainer as to which one you wished you had bought earlier this year. Just a couple of more: Enterprise Growth Fund with a commission of 4.75% cheap air max tailwind , an expense of 1.73% and a return of 20% YTD and Rydex Energy Fund a no load with expenses of 1.39% and a return of 23% YTD.

Even if you leave out the commission charges you will easily find funds that have returns in excess of those with lower expense ratios. Don't be fooled by Wall Street nonsense of anything but net total return on your money. Period. If you take into account the additional commissions that many funds and brokerage companies charge you will quickly see you have been hoodwinked all these years.

The above examples are not extreme as I don't think expense ratios should mean anything to influence your purchase. Don't let any broker or financial planner sell you anything other than the best return for your money.

Al Thomas' book, "If It Doesn't Go Up, Don't Buy It!" has helped thousands of people make money and keep their profits with his simple 2-step method. Read the first chapter at and discover why he's the man that Wall Street does not want you to know.

Copyright 2005 "Fashion is a billion-dollar industry. However, it takes more than avant-garde clothes and chic models in making fashion a hit. Fashion management plays a major role in making this profession a success. Apart from traditional management duties and keeping the employees happy cheap air max sequent , fashion managers must ensure the daily operations are in coordination, work simultaneously with production and manufacturers.

To simplify, fashion management is how well one can multi-task and overlook the business not just in terms of quality but quantity as well. These are the people who possess tactical as well as entrepreneurial knowledge.


Some schools in India offer specialised fashion management courses :


Indian Institute of Fashion Technology, Bengaluru: IIFT is a leading fashion designing institute in Bengaluru that offers finest courses to the student. They cover all aspects of fashion: from designing to conceptualising to merchandising to management. IIFT鈥檚 master of fashion management course is in collaboration with Karnataka State Women鈥檚 University. The course is designed to help students develop advanced knowledge in management and economics. The 2-year graduation program is divided into four semesters.


National Institute of Fashion Technology (PAN India): NIFT has always set a benchmark for producing quality fashion professionals through their design cheap air max motion , management and technology courses. Having total 16 networks across India, NIFT provides Masters of Fashion Management (M.F.M) under their postgraduate courses. This 2-year program started in 1987. Students undergo in-depth education in management, marketing, merchandising cheap air max modern , retailing, forecasting, international marketing, international trade practices and project formulation.


Indian School of Design and Innovation cheap air max mercurial , Mumbai: ISDI鈥檚 fashion business management postgraduate course places aspirants at the intersection of fashion, business and design. Here the students have access to latest technology, mentors, resources and nurturing environment. The heart of ISDIs program relies on a blend of creativity and business acumen. ISDI believes in the approach DICE (Design cheap air max zero , Innovation, Creativity and Entrepreneurship). This presents the fashion industry with 21st-century fashion designers. Their 2-year package is divided into three terms. The area of focuses are:


- Socio-cultural fashion contexts
- Fashion digital design
- Design concepts and construction
- Fashion textile design
- Fashion business and systems thinking
- Historical fashion contexts
- Fashion industry sustainability
- Fashion entrepreneurship and professional practice
- Omni channel retail


Vogue Fashion Institute, Bengaluru: Yet another fashion institute in Bengaluru has a 2-year master鈥檚 degree in fashion management. The 4-semester curriculum is effectively designed to combine the management concepts related to the fashion industry that includes. Wholesale Jerseys China Wholesale NFL T-Shirts Wholesale Jerseys Free Shipping Cheap Hoodie Cheap NHL Hats China Wholesale Soccer Hats Wholesale Hats Wholesale NBA Jerseys Wholesale MLB Shirts Wholesale Soccer Hats